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Oracle 12c Database Install

Step by Step Oracle 12c Database Install on Oracle Virtual Machine

Oracle has only released 12C database for Linux and Solaris platforms.. This article assumes that you already had Solaris 11 installed on Virtual box.

Preparing System for Installation

The first obvious step toward actual Oracle installation is to perform the pre installation tasks.

Configuring hosts file

First step is to properly name your host machine. The host name should properly be provided with IP address for installation to continue. Ideally, your /etc/hosts file should look something like this.


10.0.2.15 VST-SOL-12C
127.0.0.1 localhost

Kernel Parameters

The default installation of Solaris is normally good enough for Oracle install. You just have to configure one parameter. You can use the below mentioned command to set the required Kernel parameter. Remember that though you will have to use the Root login to run this command but at least one “oracle” user session should be opened.

# projadd  -K "project.max-shm-memory=(privileged,4G,deny)" user.oracle
To confirm that parameter has been changed you can view the contents of /etc/project file.
# cat /etc/project
system:0::::
user.root:1::::
noproject:2::::
default:3::::
group.staff:10::::
user.oracle:100::::project.max-shm-memory=(privileged,4294967296,deny)
Also, add the following lines in /etc/inittab, immediately before the “startd” entry.
tm::sysinit:/usr/sbin/ndd -set /dev/tcp tcp_smallest_anon_port 9000 > /dev/console
tm::sysinit:/usr/sbin/ndd -set /dev/tcp tcp_largest_anon_port 65500 > /dev/console
tm::sysinit:/usr/sbin/ndd -set /dev/udp udp_smallest_anon_port 9000 > /dev/console
tm::sysinit:/usr/sbin/ndd -set /dev/udp udp_largest_anon_port 65500 > /dev/console

Required Packages

You can check if packages required for Oracle are installed or not using the following command.

# pkginfo -i SUNWarc SUNWbtool SUNWhea SUNWlibC SUNWlibm SUNWlibms SUNWsprot SUNWtoo SUNWi1of SUNWi1cs SUNWi15cs SUNWxwfnt SUNWcsl
system SUNWarc Lint Libraries (usr)
system SUNWbtool CCS tools bundled with SunOS
system SUNWcsl Core Solaris, (Shared Libs)
system SUNWlibC Sun Workshop Compilers Bundled libC
system SUNWlibm Math & Microtasking Library Headers & Lint Files (Usr)
system SUNWlibms Math & Microtasking Libraries (Usr)
system SUNWsprot Solaris Bundled tools
system SUNWtoo Programming Tools
ERROR: information for "SUNWhea" was not found
ERROR: information for "SUNWi1of" was not found
ERROR: information for "SUNWi1cs" was not found
ERROR: information for "SUNWi15cs" was not found
ERROR: information for "SUNWxwfnt" was not found
As you can see, the last five packages are not installed. You can install these packages as below, one by one.
# pkg install SUNWhea
Packages to install: 1
Create boot environment: No
Create backup boot environment: No
DOWNLOAD PKGS FILES XFER (MB) SPEED
Completed 1/1 1584/1584 3.2/3.2 74.8k/s
PHASE ITEMS
Installing new actions 1704/1704
Updating package state database Done
Updating image state Done
Creating fast lookup database Done

Creating Oracle user, groups and directories

The last step is to create oracle user groups and directories and set appropriate permissions and environment.

# groupadd oper
# groupadd dba
# groupadd oinstall
# usermod -g oinstall -G dba oper oracle
# mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/product/12.0.1/db_1
# chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01
# chmod -R 775 /u01
Finally add the following lines at the end of .profile of Oracle user.
# Oracle Settings
TMP=/tmp; export TMP
TMPDIR=$TMP; export TMPDIR
# Select the appropriate ORACLE_BASE
ORACLE_HOSTNAME=VST-SOL-12C; export ORACLE_HOSTNAME
ORACLE_UNQNAME=CDB12C; export ORACLE_UNQNAME
ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle; export ORACLE_BASE
ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/12.0.1/db_1; export ORACLE_HOME
ORACLE_SID=CDB12C; export ORACLE_SID
PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH; export PATH

Installing Oracle 12C

You are now ready to install Oracle 12C database on your system. Log in as Oracle user, navigate to directory where you extracted the installation media and run the runInstaller command.

$ ./runInstaller
Starting Oracle Universal Installer...
Checking Temp space: must be greater than 180 MB. Actual 4369 MB Passed
Checking swap space: must be greater than 150 MB. Actual 4751 MB Passed
Checking monitor: must be configured to display at least 256 colors. Actual 16777216 Passed
Preparing to launch Oracle Universal Installer from /tmp/OraInstall2013-07-02_11-52-51AM. Please wait ..


The installer will start and you will see the screen like below.


oracle installer

 You can skip this step and click Next.

oracle installer

 Skip the software updates as well and click Next.

oracle installer

Choose Install and Configure database option and click Next.

oracle installer

Select on Server class and click Next.

oracle installer

Choose single instance installation and click Next.

oracle installer

Select the Typical install method and click Next.

oracle installer

Here you provide most of the options like Oracle base and home directories and also password for admin accounts. The last checkbox is important. If you check it then you will have to provide one PDB name. If you uncheck it then database will be created as Non Container database, the same as it would have been before 12C version. You obviously would want the database to be Container database. Click Next.

oracle installer

Provide the location of Oracle Inventory and also the OS group who will own it. Click Next.


oracle installer

This is the Install summary. Click Install once you are OK with all the options.

oracle installer

The installation normally takes some time to complete.

oracle installer

Once installation is complete, you will be asked the run the scripts as Root.


# . /u01/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
Changing permissions of /u01/app/oraInventory.
Adding read,write permissions for group.
Removing read,write,execute permissions for world.
Changing groupname of /u01/app/oraInventory to oinstall.
The execution of the script is complete.
# . /u01/app/oracle/product/12.0.1/db_1/root.sh
Performing root user operation for Oracle 12c
The following environment variables are set as
: ORACLE_OWNER= oracle
ORACLE_HOME= /u01/app/oracle/product/12.0.1/db_1
Enter the full pathname of the local bin directory: [/usr/local/bin]:
Creating /usr/local/bin directory...
Copying dbhome to /usr/local/bin ...
Copying oraenv to /usr/local/bin ...
Copying coraenv to /usr/local/bin ...

Creating /var/opt/oracle/oratab file...
Entries will be added to the /var/opt/oracle/oratab file as needed by
Database Configuration Assistant when a database is created
Finished running generic part of root script.
Now product-specific root actions will be performed.

Once you are done with that go back on Installer screen and click OK.

oracle installer

Once database has been created, you will be asked to do some password management.

You can always do this later. Click OK to finish the installation..

oracle installer

Once database has been created, you will be asked to do some password management.
You can always do this later. Click OK to finish the installation.M

oracle installer

Click Close to exit the Installer.
Oracle 12c Database Installation On Solaris is successful.

Post Installation

You now log into your database to confirm if database has been created and configured.

$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 12.1.0.1.0 Production on Tue Jul 2 13:01:01 2013
Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.1.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Advanced Analytics and Real Application Testing options SQL> select instance_name from v$instance; INSTANCE_NAME ---------------- CDB12C You can check which PDBs are configured and also you can log into PDB from within CDB as well. SQL> select name,open_mode from v$pdbs; NAME OPEN_MODE ------------------------------ ---------- PDB$SEED READ ONLY PDB1 READ WRITE SQL> alter session set container=PDB1; Session altered. SQL> select file_name from dba_data_files; FILE_NAME ------------------------------------------------------------------------- /u01/app/oracle/oradata/CDB12C/PDB1/example01.dbf
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/CDB12C/PDB1/SAMPLE_SCHEMA_users01.dbf
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/CDB12C/PDB1/sysaux01.dbf
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/CDB12C/PDB1/system01.dbf

Your Oracle 12c Database on Oracle Virtual Machine is ready for use!

Step by Step Configuration Of Data Guard Broker in Oracle 12c

oracle installer

Description:-

  • Data Guard broker is a centralized framework to manage entire Data Guard configuration through a client connection to any database in the configuration
  • Data Guard broker is a centralized framework to manage entire Data Guard configuration through a client connection to any database in the configuration.
  • DGMGRL does not have the ability to create standby (GUI can do it). CLI is used mostly for configuration and management. Easy switchover/failover with one command thereby minimizing overall downtime associated with the planned/unplanned outage
  • Instead of managing primary and standby databases with various SQL*Plus statements, broker provides a single unified configuration
  • Broker keeps its configuration details in flat file. The files are stored at each database nodes in the Data Guard configuration.Additionally two copies of the configuration files are always stored on each database for redundancy.
  • Below parameters control where the configuration files will be stored.

DG_BROKER_CONFIG_FILE1 & DG_BROKER_CONFIG_FILE2
Step by Step to configure Oracle 12c Data Guard Physical Standby

Environment Details:-

oracle installer

Let’s Start the Demo:-
Step1 :-Creating a Service Listener in primary and standby side(Both Side)

[oracle@primary dbs]$ cd /u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0.2/db_1/network/admin/
[oracle@primary admin]$ cat listener.ora
# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0.2/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
SID_LIST_LISTENER =
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
(GLOBAL_DBNAME = prime)
(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0.2/db_1)
(SID_NAME = prime)
)
(SID_DESC =
(GLOBAL_DBNAME = stand)
(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0.2/db_1)
(SID_NAME = stand)
)
(SID_DESC =
(GLOBAL_DBNAME = prime_DGMGRL)
(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0.2/db_1)
(SID_NAME = prime)
)
(SID_DESC =
(GLOBAL_DBNAME = stand_DGMGRL)
(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0.2/db_1)
(SID_NAME = stand)
)
)

After the changes in the listener file reload the listener

[oracle@primary dbs]$ lsnrctl stop
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 12.1.0.2.0 – Production on 12-JUN-2018 08:16:51
Copyright (c) 1991, 2014, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=192.168.1.24)(PORT=1539)))
The command completed successfully
[oracle@primary dbs]$ lsnrctl start
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 12.1.0.2.0 – Production on 12-JUN-2018 08:16:53
Copyright (c) 1991, 2014, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Starting /u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0.2/db_1/bin/tnslsnr: please wait…
TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 12.1.0.2.0 – Production
System parameter file is /u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0.2/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Log messages written to /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/primary/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=192.168.1.24)(PORT=1539)))
Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=192.168.1.24)(PORT=1539)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
———————— Alias LISTENER
Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 12.1.0.2.0 – Production
Start Date 12-JUN-2018 08:16:53
Uptime 0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 0 sec
Trace Level off
Security ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP OFF
Listener Parameter File /u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0.2/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/primary/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary…

(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=192.168.1.24)(PORT=1539)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
Services Summary…
Service “prime” has 1 instance(s).
Instance “prime”, status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service…
Service “prime_DGMGRL” has 1 instance(s).
Instance “prime”, status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service…
Service “stand” has 1 instance(s).
Instance “stand”, status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service…
Service “stand_DGMGRL” has 1 instance(s).
Instance “stand”, status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service…
The command completed successfully

Step 2:-Changing the parameters for both side

Primary
SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET dg_broker_start=true scope=spfile;
System altered.
SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET local_listener='(DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS_LIST = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.1.24)(PORT =
1539))) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME = prime)))’;
System altered.
Standby
SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET dg_broker_start=true scope=spfile;
System altered.
SQL>ALTER SYSTEM SET local_listener='(DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS_LIST = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.1.25)(PORT =
1539))) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME = stand)))’;
System altered.

Step 3:- login in to the primary database through DGMGRL

  [oracle@primary ~]$ export ORACLE_SID=prime
[oracle@primary ~]$ dgmgrl
DGMGRL for Linux: Version 12.1.0.2.0 – 64bit Production
Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Welcome to DGMGRL, type “help” for information.
DGMGRL> connect sys/oracle@prime
Connected as SYSDBA.
DGMGRL> show configuration;
ORA-16532: Oracle Data Guard broker configuration does not exist
Configuration details cannot be determined by DGMGRL

Step 4:-Configure Dataguard Broker for primary

DGMGRL> create configuration ‘hari’ as primary database is ‘prime’ connect identifier is prime;
Error: ORA-16698: LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_n parameter set for object to be added Failed.
Fix for this issue
SQL> alter system set LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2= ‘ ‘; (both Side)
System altered.
DGMGRL> create configuration ‘hari’ as primary database is ‘prime’ connect identifier is prime;
Configuration “hari” created with primary database “prime”
DGMGRL> show configuration;
Configuration – hari
Protection Mode: MaxPerformance
Members:
prime – Primary database
Fast-Start Failover: DISABLED
Configuration Status:
DISABLED

Step 5:-Configure Dataguard Broker for standby


DGMGRL> Add database ‘stand’ as connect identifier is stand maintained as physical;
Database “stand” added
DGMGRL> show configuration;
Configuration – hari
Protection Mode: MaxPerformance
Members:
prime – Primary database
stand – Physical standby database<
Fast-Start Failover: DISABLED
Configuration Status:
DISABLED

Step 6:-Check using Verbose command

DGMGRL> show database verbose ‘stand’
Database – stand
Role: PHYSICAL STANDBY
Intended State: OFFLINE
Transport Lag: (unknown)
Apply Lag: (unknown)
Average Apply Rate: (unknown)
Active Apply Rate: (unknown)
Maximum Apply Rate: (unknown)
Real Time Query: OFF
Instance(s):
stand
Properties:
DGConnectIdentifier = ‘stand’
ObserverConnectIdentifier = ”
LogXptMode = ‘ASYNC’
RedoRoutes = ”
DelayMins = ‘0’
Binding = ‘optional’
MaxFailure = ‘0’
MaxConnections = ‘1’
ReopenSecs = ‘300’
NetTimeout = ’30’
RedoCompression = ‘DISABLE’
LogShipping = ‘ON’
PreferredApplyInstance = ”
ApplyInstanceTimeout = ‘0’
ApplyLagThreshold = ‘0’
TransportLagThreshold = ‘0’
TransportDisconnectedThreshold = ’30’
ApplyParallel = ‘AUTO’
StandbyFileManagement = ‘AUTO’
ArchiveLagTarget = ‘0’
LogArchiveMaxProcesses = ‘5’
LogArchiveMinSucceedDest = ‘1’
DbFileNameConvert = ‘/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PRIME/datafile/, /u01/app/oracle/oradata/STAND/datafile/’
LogFileNameConvert = ‘/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PRIME/onlinelog/, /u01/app/oracle/oradata/STAND/onlinelog/’
FastStartFailoverTarget = ”
InconsistentProperties = ‘(monitor)’
InconsistentLogXptProps = ‘(monitor)’
SendQEntries = ‘(monitor)’
LogXptStatus = ‘(monitor)’
RecvQEntries = ‘(monitor)’
StaticConnectIdentifier =‘(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=192.168.1.25)(PORT=1539))(CONNECT_DATA=(SERVICE_NAME=stand_DGMGRL)(INSTANCE_NAME=stand)(SERVER=DEDICATED)))’
StandbyArchiveLocation = ‘USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST’
AlternateLocation = ”
LogArchiveTrace = ‘0’
LogArchiveFormat = ‘%t_%s_%r.dbf’
TopWaitEvents = ‘(monitor)’
Database Status:
DISABLED
DGMGRL> show database verbose ‘prime’
Database – prime
Role: PRIMARY
Intended State: OFFLINE
Instance(s):
prime
Properties:
DGConnectIdentifier = ‘prime’
ObserverConnectIdentifier = ”
LogXptMode = ‘ASYNC’
RedoRoutes = ”
DelayMins = ‘0’
Binding = ‘optional’
MaxFailure = ‘0’
MaxConnections = ‘1’
ReopenSecs = ‘300’
NetTimeout = ’30’
RedoCompression = ‘DISABLE’
LogShipping = ‘ON’
PreferredApplyInstance = ”
ApplyInstanceTimeout = ‘0’
ApplyLagThreshold = ‘0’
TransportLagThreshold = ‘0’
TransportDisconnectedThreshold = ’30’
ApplyParallel = ‘AUTO’
StandbyFileManagement = ‘AUTO’
ArchiveLagTarget = ‘0’
LogArchiveMaxProcesses = ‘4’
LogArchiveMinSucceedDest = ‘1’
DbFileNameConvert = ‘/u01/app/oracle/oradata/STAND/datafile, /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PRIME/datafile’
LogFileNameConvert = ‘/u01/app/oracle/oradata/STAND/onlinelog, /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PRIME/onlinelog’
FastStartFailoverTarget = ”
InconsistentProperties = ‘(monitor)’
InconsistentLogXptProps = ‘(monitor)’
SendQEntries = ‘(monitor)’
LogXptStatus = ‘(monitor)’
RecvQEntries = ‘(monitor)’
StaticConnectIdentifier =
‘(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=192.168.1.24)(PORT=1539))(CONNECT_DATA=(SERVICE_NAME=PRIME_DGMGRL)(INSTANCE_NAME=prime)(SERVER=DEDICATED)))’
StandbyArchiveLocation = ‘USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST’
AlternateLocation = ”
LogArchiveTrace = ‘0’
LogArchiveFormat = ‘%t_%s_%r.dbf’
TopWaitEvents = ‘(monitor)’
Database Status:
DISABLED

Step 7:-Enable the Dataguard broker

DGMGRL> enable configuration;
Enabled.
DGMGRL> show configuration;
Configuration – hari
Protection Mode: MaxPerformance
Members:
prime – Primary database
stand – Physical standby database
Fast-Start Failover: DISABLED
Configuration Status:
SUCCESS (status updated 12 seconds ago)
DGMGRL> enable database ‘stand’;
Enabled.
DGMGRL> show database ‘stand’;
Database – stand
Role: PHYSICAL STANDBY
Intended State: APPLY-ON
Transport Lag: 0 seconds (computed 0 seconds ago)
Apply Lag: 0 seconds (computed 0 seconds ago)
Average Apply Rate: 3.00 KByte/s
Real Time Query: OFF
Instance(s):
stand
Database Status:
SUCCESS

Successfully configured the Dataguard Broker in 12c database.

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